USB Differences: Data Cable vs. Charging Cable

Summary: It is important to use the correct USB charging cables to charge your devices safely. Learn the differences and which ones will charge a device faster.

USB Charging - Are You Using the Correct Cable?

Most users of IT devices have experienced the frustration of trying to keep up with changes in tech device cables. Many have purchased new devices, only to find their old charging cables do not work with them. Faster charging, data transferring and higher battery capacities are welcome enhancements to the overall IT experience. However, using the wrong USB cable for the wrong device could have devastating consequences. The problem is that all USB cables are not created equal. USB-A ports on computers (what most people think of when they think of USB connections) were not invented to take the power and speed afforded by USB-C cables and USB-C devices. It is a benefit that USB-C devices can charge faster. However, using the wrong cable could burn out your device. The reality is that charging cables are made only for charging and data cables can do both charging and data transfer.

Types of Charging Cables

USB differences between cables include cable width. USB data cables are thicker because they have four wires – two for charging and two for data transfer. Whereas USB charging cables only have two electrical wires – one positive and one negative. Although the types of charging cables look almost identical, it is hard to differentiate between data cable vs. charging cable. Here are three ways to find out:

• Check the Specs – Sometimes, cable specifications will be included in the enclosed instructions. However, reaching out to the manufacturer’s customer support team is an excellent way to be sure what kind of cable you are using.
• Check Cable Thickness – Again, a four-wire cable will be thicker and indicate both charging and data transfer capabilities.
• Check for Unusual Heat – USB-C cables with 3 Amp output may charge faster. But if you are using your laptop and its USB-A port can only accommodate 2 Amps, resistance will increase to the point of causing heat or, worse, damaging both devices. A rule of thumb to follow: If cables or devices are unusually hot, something is wrong and you should disconnect them immediately.

Case Study: Phone and Laptop Charging Damage

While traveling to a sales conference, the client grabbed a USB-C cable out of her suitcase and used it to plug her phone into her laptop while she got ready that morning. She checked her cell phone for messages and noticed it was a little hot to the touch. She didn’t think much of it and continued getting ready to leave for the meetings. Finally, she disconnected her phone, packed up her laptop and headed to the conference.

When the client opened her laptop to take notes, she found it shutting off every time she started to boot it up. As presentations were made, she had to take notes on paper and her phone. However, near the end of the sessions, her phone was on low battery and when she returned to her hotel room, the laptop and work cell phone were both malfunctioning. She contacted her technician and he was unable to conduct a remote IT repair session on her laptop and work phone due to internal damage. After an in-person repair session back at the office, the technician determined she had been using the wrong USB-C cable on the trip and the heat had damaged internal components on both devices. The USB differences caused the issue.

Avoiding Charging Cable Damage

Unfortunately, many people take cable compatibility for granted. They operate under the false assumption that if a type of charging cable fits, it is okay to use. Since device repairs can be time-consuming and costly, it is essential to know when it is time to engage the assistance of professional IT repair services. Pro technicians can often head off trouble with a quick phone conversation. They can frequently perform remote IT service using special secure software, if the device has an internet connection and power. This is helpful and convenient for both travel and local service.

Charging cables and devices that are charging may heat up for other reasons, including:

• Internal damage to wires or connectors inside the charging cord
• Using a device while charging, especially for large batteries or data rich activities like gaming or streaming
• Poor quality charging cables (stick to original manufacturers’ products)
• Poor device ventilation (avoid placing devices on beds, pillows and couches)
• High ambient temperatures such as sun, hot car or hot surfaces
• Internal component failure of charger
• Ports filled with dust and debris leading to increased resistance and heat

Chargers can start fires like any other electrical item. Pay careful attention when purchasing new cables, sharing cable or using unknown cables. Using the wrong type can damage your device or device power port and even create dangerous overheating. You can also use a wireless charging pad if you do not need to transfer data. If you detect a charger is heating up (even wireless or car chargers), unplug it. If in doubt, purchase a few new chargers from the manufacturer of your device so you are assured of compatibility and quality. You can also contact your IT technician for recommendations of compatible and high-quality brands to use for charging or data transfers, or to help explain the difference between a data cable vs. charging cable and how each may affect your device.